Flagship projects show versatility of solar air heating
By Bärbel Epp
Canada is the global leader in solar air heating. The market is driven by a strong network of experienced system suppliers, optimized technologies, and some funding programs which are presenting cost-effective, façade-integrated systems as a practical solution for reducing onsite natural gas consumption.
Solar air heating is among the most cost-effective applications of solar thermal energy. The systems contribute to space heating and preheating fresh air for ventilation, typically using glazed or unglazed perforated solar collectors. The collectors draw in outside air, heat it using solar energy, and then distribute it through ductwork to meet building heating and fresh air needs.
For the past seven years, Canada has led the world in solar air heating adoption. The four key suppliers – Trigo Energies, Conserval Engineering, Matrix Energy, and Aéronergie – reported a combined 26,203 m2 (282,046 ft2) of collector area sold last year. Several of these providers are optimistic about the growing demand. These findings come from the newly released Canadian Solar Thermal Market Survey 2024, commissioned by Natural Resources Canada.
Despite its cold climate, Canada benefits from strong solar potential with solar irradiance rivaling or even exceeding that of parts of Europe. This makes solar air heating not only viable, but especially valuable in buildings with high fresh air requirements including schools, hospitals, and offices.
A retrofit for improved energy performance
Most Trigo Energies installations are in Quebec where funding programs are offered by Hydro Quebec, the gas utility Energir and the Ministry of Natural Resources EcoPerformance program. Trigo Energies works with partner contractors to install mostly retrofit projects where knowledge of HVAC engineering is as important as experience with solar thermal and architecture.
One recent Trigo installation is at the FAB3R factory in Trois-Rivières which specializes in manufacturing, repairing, and refurbishing large industrial equipment. Its air heating and ventilation system needed urgent renovation because of leakages and discomfort for the workers.
The majority of the new 2,750 m2 (29,600 ft2) solar façade at FAB3R covers approximately 13 % of the factory’s annual heating demand, which is otherwise met by natural gas. Trigo Energies equipped the façade with its high-performance Calento SL collectors, featuring a notable innovation: a selective, low-emissivity coating that withstands outdoor conditions.
Introduced by Trigo in 2019 and manufactured by Almeco Group from Italy, this advanced coating is engineered to maximize solar absorption while minimizing heat loss via infrared emission, enhancing the overall efficiency of the system.
The high efficiency coating is now standard in Trigo’s air heating systems and delivers a 25 to 35 % increase in yield over the former generation of solar air collectors with black paint. Testing conducted at Queen’s University confirms this performance advantage. Researchers measured the performance of transpired solar air collectors both with and without a selective coating, mounted side-by-side on a south-facing vertical wall.
The results showed that the collectors with the selective coating produced 1.3 to 1.5 times more energy than those without it. In 2024, the monitoring results were jointly published by Queen’s University and Canmet Energy in a paper titled, “Performance Comparison of a Transpired Air Solar Collector with Low-E Surface Coating”.
Selective coating, also used on other solar thermal technologies including glazed flat plate or vacuum tube collectors, has a distinctive blue colour. Trigo customers can, however, choose between blue and black finishes. Going from the normal blue selective coating to black selective coating loses about 1 % in solar efficiency.