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Exterior details for High-Performance Enclosures

Rear-Ventilated Rainscreen (RVRS) and Cladding Types

Jeff Ker, Engineered Assemblies

Facades systems have always been one of the most important parts of sustainability. We are only now coming around to realize just how important. Facades, if done properly, will be a rear ventilated rainscreen. They will be part of an outboard insulated envelope and will be high performance. In keeping with that methodology, they will then be the Primary Passive Environmental Control System.

Facades have always been on the front lines so to speak. They are often the single largest building component charged with insulation in addition to being most vulnerable to the substantial dictator – the environment.

Managing the abuse the environment delivers is a holistic endeavour and is only possible with a combination of materials, good design and proper assembly. If we had to pick one ingredient to start with, ventilation is the first. Whether you have a marginally absorbent façade material or not, ventilation is always good – never bad. It helps the entire assembly maintain a handle on moisture.

Having an active plenum, as outlined in the drawing detail, ensures the circulation of air is constant in good times and bad. The plenum can only function best when unobstructed and with the combination of adequate intake and exhaust vents.

Having adequate ventilation/air flow means the substructure supporting the façade material can see a longer lifespan and the insulation can function at its maximum potential in its dry state.

Placing a secondary drainage plane in front of the insulation (behind the plenum) will further thwart the intrusion of precipitation, minimize wind washing, and provide a visually pleasing veil to hide substructure and insulation through open joints of facade panels.

When all the components are chosen and assembled in the spirit of achieving their greatest lifespan, we can avoid premature demolition and concentrate on maximizing thermal performance and moisture management. This, in itself, is a pathway to sustainability.

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High-performance windows: Examples of applications

DUXTON Windows & Doors

The Sundance Housing Co-op in Edmonton underwent a Deep Energy Retrofit using an EnergieSprong-inspired model—Dutch for “energy leap”—focused on dramatically improving the efficiency of existing homes. Spearheaded by ReNu Engineering, the retrofit included prefabricated panels, airtight construction, and electrification to approach net-zero performance. The DUXTON Windows & Doors triple-glazed low-E, argon filled fiberglass windows, for a centre-of-glass R-8, were key to the building envelope upgrade, offering exceptional thermal performance in cold climates. Not only does a Deep Energy Retrofit give a huge facelift to your building, but it also boosts comfort, reduces long-term maintenance and energy costs, and shrinks your environmental footprint—making it a smart, future-ready investment. duxtonwindows.com

INLINE Fiberglass

The 52-unit apartment development for Halton Region, by Cynthia Zahoruk Architect Inc. and built by Schilithius Construction, is situated in Kerr Street Village, Oakville. The four-storey building is designed to meet Passive House certification standards and tailored to accommodate seniors, promoting the concept of aging in place. All units are fully barrier-free. INLINE Fiberglass PHI Certified windows, designed and manufactured in Canada, contribute to the  success of the project through superior insulation, high-performance glazing, and exceptional airtightness. inlinefiberglass.com

INNOTECH Windows + Doors

Innotech Windows + Doors is a Canadian manufacturer of high-performance windows and doors, including Passive House Institute certified windows and doors. With twenty-five years of manufacturing expertise, Innotech products are specified by leading building professionals across North America for custom residences and multi-family developments that are architecturally striking and deeply sustainable. innotech-windows.com

NZP Fenestration

Our high-performance tilt-and-turn windows are engineered to meet the rigorous standards of Passive House Institute certification for both temperate and cold climates. Manufactured in Quebec, they feature triple glazing with center-of-glass values up to R11.4 and whole-window Uw as low as 0.59 W/m²K, delivering exceptional thermal insulation. The multi-point locking system ensures superior airtightness, reducing heat loss and drafts. Reinforced uPVC frames minimize thermal bridging while allowing large openings, creating a highly comfortable indoor environment with significantly reduced energy demand. nzpfenestration.com

A high-efficiency ERV by Mitsubishi Electric Sales Canada provides balanced ventilation with heat and moisture recovery. Passive House Institute cold climate certified windows (Innotech Defender 88PH+ XI) and cool temperate certified exterior doors (Innotech Defender 88PH+ Pro) by Innotech Windows + Doors are positioned within the centre of the insulation layer and specified with calibrated solar heat gain coefficients.
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VIEWPOINT: High-Performance Design as a Stress Test for Specifications

High-performance design targets are no longer exceptional. Metrics tied to energy use, airtightness, thermal continuity, and long-term operational performance are now common expectations on institutional, residential, and mixed-use projects. Frameworks such as Passive House have helped formalize these ambitions, providing a clear benchmark for what “performance” is meant to achieve.

Why High-Performance Projects Are Less Forgiving

Conventional projects often absorb documentation gaps through informal coordination, substitutions, or site-level problem solving. Tolerances are wider, expectations are less explicit, and outcomes are rarely tied to third-party verification.

High-performance projects operate differently. Performance targets are precise, tolerances are narrow, and compliance is confirmed through testing, modelling, and external review. Verification occurs against defined thresholds and fixed timelines, leaving little opportunity to reinterpret intent once construction is underway.

The result is not that high-performance projects are inherently more complex, but that they are far less tolerant of incomplete or poorly coordinated documents.

Specifications as the Performance Translation Layer

In this context, the role of specifications becomes clearer. Drawings communicate design intent. Specifications establish obligation.

Specifications translate performance goals into enforceable requirements by defining acceptable products, required submittals, testing protocols, and verification responsibilities.

Contrary to common perception, Passive House or other high-performance targets do not require a fundamentally different approach to writing specifications. The structure remains largely the same. What changes is the level of precision required. Performance thresholds must be stated clearly, submittal requirements must align with certification milestones, and testing obligations must be unambiguous.

Specifications make performance contractual.

Where Weak Specifications Fail Under High-Performance Pressure

Performance targets are often referenced without clearly defining how they will be verified. Testing requirements may be mentioned, but responsibility for coordination, scheduling, and cost is left vague. Submittals are requested without regard for when they are needed to support modelling, mock-ups, or certification review. Drawings and specifications begin to drift out of alignment, resulting in confusion and reactive site instructions.

On high-performance projects, they become immediate points of friction. Contractors are asked to price uncertainty, and consultants are asked to resolve questions late in the process. Certification pathways narrow as documentation fails to anticipate verification needs at the appropriate stage of work.

The issue is not that the specifications are wrong, but that they are insufficiently disciplined for the performance demands placed upon them.

What a Coordinated High-Performance Specification Signals

From a specification reviewer’s standpoint, certain indicators reveal whether performance intent has been properly embedded into the Project Manual or merely referenced in passing.

The first signal appears early, in Division 01. Well-coordinated high-performance projects typically include General Requirements sections that explicitly address performance testing, verification, and closeout documentation. Sections such as Section 01 83 16 Exterior Enclosure Performance Requirements and Section 01 78 53 Sustainable Design Closeout Documentation establish expectations up front by identifying required testing, certification pathways, and documentation deliverables tied to stated performance goals. Their presence signals that performance outcomes are being managed intentionally, not deferred.

Mark Clemmensen, RSW, B. ARCH, LEED AP, CSC, CSI is the founder and principal of V-Specs, an Ontario -based specification writing consultancy and educational resource. 

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Harmony Commons Student Residences


Designing the world’s largest Passive House dormitory

By Jonathan Kinsley

The University of Toronto Scarborough’s all-electric student residence, Harmony Commons, represents an important leap forward in the efforts to decarbonize the building sector in Canada and beyond. Designed to house 746 students and supportive resident advisors, the 26,000m2 building also serves the wider campus community with an all-electric commercial kitchen, dining hall, and central offices for student life and campus security.

In addition to meeting the University’s programmatic goals, the team behind Harmony Commons sought to leverage campus development as a catalyst to demonstrate the viability and value of high-performance building practices, specifically Passive House design.    

It is now the largest certified Passive House (PHI) dormitory in the world, and when completed in 2023, was the largest certified Passive House project in Canada. At nine storeys, it is the tallest structure on the  300-acre Scarborough campus.

Situated on a former parking lot directly south of a preserved, historic grove of trees, Harmony Commons is one of the first buildings in a future campus extension.  It is intended to be an urban gateway between the existing and future areas of the campus.  As the largest residence and dining facility at UTSC, the building acts as a new center of gravity for student life.

Design Response

Harmony Commons is composed of three volumes organized in a U-shape, arranged around a raised, central courtyard. The open end of the courtyard faces the forest grove, maximizing the number of student rooms that benefit from views of nature.  These benefits are also present in the large ground level dining hall which opens toward the grove, creating a relaxing and restorative atmosphere.

The sculpted form of the building was driven by a need for large, efficient floorplates that could be easily subdivided into clusters of rooms, forming small ‘communities’ that support social connection among first-year students.

The interior design and planning approach allows each community to have its own identity, with private study spaces, gathering spaces and a common kitchen for planned or impromptu interactions. Externally, the fractured nature and colouration of the building’s cladding is inspired by The Bluffs, rock cliffs bordering nearby Lake Ontario.

Beyond the residential areas, the building design and program support community-building at different scales. At the ground level, public spaces benefiting the entire student body, including the dining hall, servery, peer resources, and flexible event spaces, are all clustered around an activated circulation corridor.

Project Credits

  • Owner/Developer University of Toronto Scarborough, Fengate Asset Management
  • Design Architect  Handel Architects
  • Executive Architect  CORE Architects Inc.
  • Architect of Record  Arcadis IBI Group
  • Interior Design (student rooms/common areas)  Handel Architects
  • interior Design (office areas)  Core Architects
  • Interior Design (dining and event spaces) PARTISANS
  • Structural Engineer  Jablonsky, Ast and Partners
  • Mechanical & Electrical Engineer  Arcadis NV
  • MEP & ENERGY MODELLING  Integral Group
  • Passive House Design  Steven Winter Associates
  • Building Enclosure & Energy Consultant  RDH Building Science
  • LANDSCAPE DESIGN  The Planning Partnership
  • General Contractor  Pomerleau
  • Photos  1, 6 and 7: Ryan Fung; Photo 2: Fengate Asset Management; Photo 3: Keith Gabriel; Photo 4: Tom Arban; Photo 5: Handel Architects

Jonathan Kinsley is with HANDEL  ARCHiTECTS.

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Timbre and Harmony Non-market Housing

A reimagining of Vancouver’s apartment heritage aims for resilient future

By Adam James

Completed in 2025, Timbre and Harmony is a landmark non-market housing development in the Grandview Woodlands neighbourhood on Vancouver’s east side. Designed for people 55 and older and people with disabilities, the project delivers 157 secure, energy-efficient, Passive House-certified homes.

The project received funding through the Federal government’s National Housing Coinvestment Fund and through the Green Municipal Fund’s Sustainable Affordable Housing initiative delivered by the Federation of Canadian Municipalities.

A streamlined design project management approach helped secure rezoning, development, and building permit approvals in just over two years. An energy study submitted during rezoning also eliminated the need for a sixth-floor setback, improving energy performance while allowing for additional residential units.

The architectural language draws inspiration from the city’s mid-century optimism, reinterpreting it as a climate-resilient, socially purposeful building. The project is both an homage and an evolution, with the buildings rooted in Vancouver’s apartment tradition but projecting a new vision of affordability, beauty, and sustainability.

The design features carefully proportioned façades, abundant natural light, and a shared commons at the heart of community life. The project nearly triples the site’s capacity while honouring Vancouver’s modernist legacy of modest, community-oriented walk-up apartments. Twenty percent of the units are fully accessible, while the remainder are readily adaptable, enabling residents to age in place.

Two cleanly proportioned, six-storey, L-shaped volumes anchor the site on either side of a central right-of-way.  Between the two buildings, a landscaped commons evokes the breezy lobbies and garden courts of Vancouver’s postwar apartments, reinterpreted for today with spaces for urban agriculture, outdoor cooking, and social gathering beneath preserved mature trees. Residents gather, garden, and connect in a safe and welcoming community they call home.

Subtly layered façades are animated by colourful balconies that echo the mosaic tiles, painted trims, and expressive details of earlier apartment buildings. At the same time, the overall form is rigorously optimized for energy performance, daylight, and community life.

Features include a low 20% window-to-wall ratio tuned for daylight and thermal balance, an airtight envelope with thermally-broken balconies and fixed sunshades that act as passive cooling devices, triple-glazed windows by Innotech Windows + Doors, ductless heat recovery ventilation, and rooftop domestic heat-pump hot water. Together, these all-electric strategies demonstrate how to deliver affordable, climate-resilient housing at market-standard cost and on a compressed schedule.

Project Credits

  • Owner  Brightside Community Homes Foundation
  • Architect  Ryder Architecture
  • Contractor  ETRO Construction
  • Building Envelope Consultant RJC Engineers
  • Mechanical Consultant  Smith + Anderson
  • Mechanical Contractor  True Mechanical
  • Electrical  Integral Group (now Introba)
  • Structural  Entuitive
  • Landscape  PWL Partnership Landscape
  • Acoustics  BAP Acoustics
  • Civil Creus Engineering
  • Transportation  Bunt
  • Elevators ESI Elevators
  • Code Jensen Hughes
  • Passive House Consultant  Ryder Architecture
  • Development Manager  Colliers International
  • Photos  Adrien Williams Photography

Adam James is a principal at Ryder Architecture.

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La Pêche Town Hall


Integrated design approach makes a beacon of sustainability

By Dominique Laroche

La Pêche new town hall is a two-storey, highly energy-efficient building with a very low embodied and operational carbon footprint. It is also the first institutional building in Quebec to apply for Passivhaus certification. Located at the gateway to this municipality of 8,600 inhabitants, it fronts onto provincial highway 366, just across from chemin du Lac Philippe, one of the main access points to Gatineau Park north of Ottawa.

The project accommodates a traditional town hall program; including a lobby and reception area, tax payment counter, permit consultation counter, council chamber, multi-purpose room, meeting rooms, kitchenette and lunch area, rest area, as well as a combination of closed and open-plan offices. The building has a floor area of 1,417m2.

The large south-facing facade, designed according to passive solar principles, offers a panoramic view of the Gatineau Park hills. The large areas of glazing are supported by a structural wood curtain wall system whose rhythm and bracing elements echo the traditional structures of the region’s covered bridges. In the evening, the warmth of the CLT roof and the details of the all-wood curtain wall are enhanced by a combination of direct and indirect lighting. 

The design approach for the town hall was based on three key strategies:

1. It is made almost entirely of wood, a local resource that has historically strengthened the region’s economy. The structure features glulam beams and columns, and cross-laminated timber (CLT) floors and roofs. All interior partitions and exterior wall assemblies are of light timber frame construction. Wall insulation is a combination of blown-in cellulose and wood-fibre panels.

Exterior siding is eastern cedar installed on wood furring. Windows and doors are wood with aluminum cladding. Add in all the interior wood finishes and the building is thus a major carbon sink.

2. It is designed to the international Passivhaus energy-efficiency standard, which saves around 65% of heating and cooling energy compared to NECB 2020. It is the first institutional building in Quebec to apply for Passivhaus certification.  Achieving the standard depends on a number of factors, the main ones being the building’s simple form and advantageous envelope to floor area ratio, superior wall and roof insulation, precise positioning of windows according to orientation, exceptional air tightness – validated by mandatory blower door tests – and key architectural components certified by the German Passivhaus Institute.

In Quebec’s climate, the Passivhaus approach calls for careful regulation of solar radiation inside the building. At the La Pêche town hall, a double south-facing brise soleil was precisely designed to cut solar radiation in summer and to reduce air-conditioning needs drastically while maximizing solar gain in winter. In fact, the building’s main source of heating during the coldest months is direct solar radiation.

The exterior air barrier behind the cladding is Majvest by SIGA. Air‑source heat pumps provide heating, cooling, and dehumidification of the fresh air introduced through an ultra‑high‑efficiency ERV, all by Mitsubishi Electric Sales Canada. 

3. The structural design of the roof spans 18m without beams, joists or intermediate supports. Panels of 175mm-thick 5-ply cross-laminated timber (CLT) are connected to each other in a saw-tooth pattern. They create multiple gables that evoke the roofs of the region’s covered bridges, notably the one located directly opposite City Hall on Chemin du Lac-Philippe, one of the main entrances to Gatineau Park. From a technical point of view, the CLT slabs – inclined towards each other at a 40-degree angle – work bidirectionally, taking advantage of CLT’s structural capacity in both directions, analogous to a deep caisson.

Project credits

  • Architect  BGLA architecture + design urbain
  • Structural engineer  Latéral
  • Mechanical / electrical engineer Pageau Morel 
  • Construction Ed Brunet
  • Photos  Stéphane Brügger

Dominique Laroche is senior principal associate at BGLA architecture + design urbain.

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Product Profile: NexEco™: Bringing Circular Innovation to EPS for Construction

See the full profile

As sustainability becomes a bigger part of building design, architects and specifiers are looking for materials that balance performance with credible environmental benefits. At NexKemia, that shift helped drive the development of NexEco™, our recycled content EPS solution.

NexKemia is a North American manufacturer of expandable polystyrene resin serving the construction and packaging industries. Based in Québec, the company is known for its technical expertise, product consistency, and commitment to innovation. Through NexEco, NexKemia is helping move EPS in construction toward a more circular model.

A key milestone for NexEco is that it became the first EPS resin certified by UL for building applications. For architects, designers, and specifiers, this marks an important step forward. It demonstrates that EPS with recycled content can meet the expectations of the building market while offering project teams a new option to consider.

NexEco’s 30% recycled content is also validated under UL 2809, which confirms the recycled content claim through UL’s Environmental Claim Validation process. That added transparency is important as design professionals are asked to look more closely at the environmental value and credibility of the materials they specify.

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interview with

Stephan Moyon, President, VELUX North America on resilient design and circularity

Q1: How do VELUX products contribute to resilient construction and improved indoor environmental quality (IEQ)?

VELUX offers innovative skylight systems that promote healthy ventilation and leverage the natural beauty of daylight to transform interior spaces. We are passionate about making products that perform better and help people to perform better.  Sunlight and fresh air have dramatic effects on IEQ and occupant health, from improved mood to increased productivity.  At the same time, people spend about 90% of their time indoors in the northern hemisphere. These insights inspire our team to deliver solutions that bring the health benefits of fresh air and daylight into our clients’ homes, schools, and offices.

Q2: Where do you think the greatest opportunities lie in advancing resilient design and construction as a norm for the building industry?

We see a big opportunity to take advantage of what we already have. Roughly 80% of North American buildings that will be standing in 2050 have already been built. The opportunities, therefore, lie in how we can transform these spaces, adapt them to our current needs, and upgrade their performance to meet our modern energy goals. Virgin materials are diminishing in supply due to overuse, and the built environment accounts for about a third of the world’s waste. Therefore, there is a great need for our industry to take advantage of the materials which already exist, through practices like urban mining and retrofitting. By focusing strategically on circularity, we can put less strain on our diminishing natural resources. 

Q3: How can circular design make cities more resilient, affordable, and livable while also lowering carbon emissions?

Circular design allows us to transform spaces and buildings to keep up with our modern needs and uses, without imposing the high environmental and economic costs of new builds. Updating these spaces to our modern standards is not just desirable, but necessary. Data, such as the statistics pulled from the VELUX Group’s Healthy Building Barometer, shows that the values of resiliency, affordability, and livability are intertwined. For example, by improving the resilience of the built environment, less energy is required to maintain and operate these spaces. There are also clear benefits to sourcing recycled materials for lower carbon emissions as well as resource independence. We inherently become more flexible during periods of international instability by drawing from the resources and materials that are available to us now.

Q4: How does VELUX incorporate circularity into its business model?

We aim to integrate circularity throughout our value chain. We start by working to source materials with higher recycled content and embedding circularity principles into the product design process. At the same time, we are reducing waste in our own operations and beginning to transition our packaging in North America to recyclable, paper-based solutions. We’re expanding these efforts with some great pilot programs in Europe, such as a take-back service for older windows. We also conduct demonstration projects that highlight our circularity approach. For example, we recently renovated one of the buildings at our production facility in Denmark to convert it into what we call the LKR Innovation House. Our team was able to reuse more than 50% of the original materials associated with the building. For our team, circularity isn’t just a mantra, it’s the foundation of all our business and product decisions.

Q5: What do you think the building industry needs to do to advance its circularity goals?

I think the building industry is a sector with many challenges and even more opportunities. There are barriers to our progress, though, in our culture and mindset. The tendency has been to ask, “what’s the next project?” or “where can we develop next?” But have we stopped to assess what we already have and how we can repurpose it to serve our evolving needs? Or when we build new—how can we do so with decreased impact. Considering not just the immediate future, but also longer-term, including changes in weather, usage of space, and other factors? Industry leaders have the opportunity to benefit from the value of what we already have by recycling materials and retrofitting spaces to align with the new reality and selecting products where circularity is taken into account. We have the technologies and the knowledge at our disposal—now it’s time to put them into action.