In search of sustainable architecture
REPORT: ROYAL ARCHITECTURAL INSTITUTE OF CANADA
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By Graham Murfitt, MRAIC, LEED AP, RAIC Practice Specialist |
While sceptics and environmentalists duke it out for the final word on global warming, thousands around the world are investing time and money in renewable energy and sustainable architecture. Grass roots “sustainable” organizations are forming at an increasing pace, with the positive effect of raising public awareness. Municipalities are setting new “green” building standards, construction requirements and tax incentives. Provincial governments seem to be “out-sustaining” each other. Entire countries are setting ever-higher design and building standards, some with net-zero energy policies.
Everyone, everywhere is talking about energy, global warming, pollution, carbon capture, sustainability, LEED [Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design] … and everything is GREEN.
Sustainable architecture is about buildings that can produce more energy than they consume and that leave a very small and careful footprint. Also in question are the sustainability implications of harvesting, creating or transporting building materials as well as the energy consumed during the construction process – these aspects and many others are part of the life cycle assessment of sustainable buildings.
LEED has raised awareness of many important issues concerning sustainability in Canada. Unfortunately the silver, gold or platinum medallion has become more important than the original purpose of this green building evaluation system. If the objective is to reduce or eliminate the carbon footprint of our buildings, it matters little that the building has been rated silver or gold.
Although LEED-rated buildings may perform better than average, if sustainability is the long-term objective, a 25% improvement in energy performance is inadequate. In the future, the most difficult challenge may be to transform and upgrade the buildings we are building today. New buildings that are only 25% better than “standard” may require complicated and substantial thermal and building envelope upgrades in order to become carbon neutral. It is easy to realize the economic benefit of renovating and up-grading buildings that consume extraordinary amounts of energy. When only the most expensive energy upgrade measures remain outstanding, the financial incentives to implement them will be extremely low.
Green theory has emerged as an important aspect in the study of humanities and international relations. My own theoretical perspective is better described as green to green theory. Green is neither created nor destroyed; it typically transfers from your wallet to sustainability. Conser-ving resources, whether energy, water, money, health or the
environment is the balance we require to be sustainable.
Most clients will consider investments in building upgrades and energy conserving technologies that have reasonably short simple payback periods [five to ten years]. However, designers should expect periods of time in the future where energy supplies will be unavailable or unaffordable. Also, the actual value of energy savings due to conservation measures is significant when considered over the long life of a building; we should design buildings accordingly.
The current green movement seems fueled by the notion that green doesn’t cost significantly more money than conventional building. However, energy-efficient, well insulated, carefully detailed and properly oriented buildings consuming 50% less energy than so-called “standard” buildings cost 10 to 20% more to build. Carbon neutral buildings may cost up to 50% more. Almost everything better costs more money, and achieving carbon neutral energy status involves solar panels, wind turbines, geothermal systems and many other technologies.
The 2030 Challenge is simple – all new and renovated buildings that Canadian architects design should be carbon neutral by that year. Buildings that are designed in 2010 should be at least 60% more efficient than “standard” buildings.
There are architects who are passionate about sustainability as there are others who are passion-ate about function and beauty. If we are to get to the 2030 goals, design passions must combine so that our functional, beautiful and sustainable buildings are not demolished 50 years from now, partway through their intended lifespan.
CaGBC expands Green Up, supports Living Building Challenge
Green Up
The Canada Green Building Council’s [CaGBC] GREEN UP program, that has established pilot projects to establish bench-mark measurements used to improve operating performance of various public and commercial buildings, has launched a pilot project for arenas and has expanded its retail branches pilot project for banks and credit unions.
Arena pilot project participants will have the opportunity to:
• Benchmark energy, water and emissions performance for their facilities,
• Monitor actual energy, water and emissions savings of their arena facilities over time, and
• Access energy and environmental performance standards, baselines and best practices derived from top-performing facilities.
In related news, the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce has joined the Retail Branches pilot project for banks and credit unions to document the best energy and environmental performance for this sector.
Info: GREENUP@cagbc.org
Living Building Challenge
The CaGBC is partnering with its Cascadia Chapter in British Columbia to deliver six educational workshops across Canada on the dynamic aspects of the Living Building Challenge [LBC], the cutting-edge system in green building. The LBC, launched in November 2006, is the goal of designing all buildings to have no net impact on the environment, thus making them truly sustainable [see the LBC article in SABMag issue #18, July/August 2009].
With more than 60 projects in progress from coast to coast pursuing certification under the LBC's vigorous performance standard, and with interest continuing to rise, the workshops will explain the basics of the LBC. The CaGBC is looking to its membership for sponsorship support of the workshops.
Info: rlemaire@cagbc.org
Our mistake
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We regret that the project credits of the MacKay Lassande Pavilion published in SABMag issue 21, Nov/Dec, 2009 were not entirely accurate. The correct list is as follows:
Architects and Interior Designers: Shore Tilbe Irwin & Partners
Associate Architects: Cornerstone Architects
LEED Consultant: Enermodal
Structural Engineer: Vanboxmeer & Stranges
M&E Project Manager: Chorley & Bisset
Mechanical and Electrical Engineers: Chorley & Bisset
Civil Engineer: Cummings Cockburn
Cost Consultant: Curran McCabe Ravindron Ross
Code Consultant: Randall Brown & Associates
Landscape Architect: Ron Koudys Landscape Architect
Photos: Lisa Logan
SFI releases new forest certification standard
After an 18-month public review, the Sustainable Forestry Initiative® [SFI®] Inc., one of the main sustainable forest management bodies in the world, has released its new SFI 2010-2014 Standard. Main highlights include:
• Improve conservation of biodiversity in North America and offshore,
• Strengthen SFI wood fibre sourcing requirements which broaden the practice of sustainable forestry in North America,
• Complement SFI activities to avoid illegal offshore fibre sources, and illegal logging, and
• Support for certified logger programs.
The standard, intended for use by forestry companies, is based on 14 core principles that promote sustainable forest management, and protect water quality, biodiversity, wildlife habitat, species at risk, and forests with exceptional conservation value. More than 73 million hectares are certified to the SFI forest management standard in North America - making it the largest standard of its type in the world.
Info: www.sfiprogram.org
Cohos Evamy’s Toronto Studio recognized
for livability by the Center for the Built Environment
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The tenant fit-out design for the Toronto studio of Cohos Evamy integratedesignTM has received an Honorable Mention in the juried Center for the Built Environment [CBE] 2009 Livable Buildings program. The program showcases buildings with exceptional occupant satisfaction, resource efficiency, and overall design. To be considered, buildings must rank among the top scorers in CBE's Occupant Indoor Environmental Quality Survey, found at: www.cbe.berkeley.edu/research/survey.htm.
The studio uses 44% less electricity for lighting and plug loads than the average office building, 59% less water, and diverts over 60% of operational waste from landfill [and 80% during construction]. Work-stations use FSC wood and recycled furniture, with access to daylight, and light control and occupancy sensors. Meeting rooms have individual temperature and ventilation, with zone controls to regulate thermal comfort.
Info: minjan@cohos-evamy.com
OSRAM enters Joint Venture with LED company Traxon
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OSRAM SYLVANIA LTD. has set up a joint venture with Traxon Technologies, one of
the leading providers of LED technology in the field of architectural, hospitality and retail. As Traxon LED Systems from SYLVANIA, the new venture is positioning itself as a leading provider of pioneering and turn-key LED lighting. Sixty percent of OSRAM’s sales are energy-efficient products, a number expected to reach 80% by 2012.
Info: laura.fuller@sylvania.com
Shore Tilbe Irwin & Partners merges with Perkins+Will
Toronto-based Shore Tilbe Irwin & Partners has announced a strategic merger with global architecture firm Perkins+Will, becoming the second Canadian office to do so, after Busby Perkins+Will in Vancouver, and the first in eastern Canada. The firm’s name is now Shore Tilbe Perkins+Will.
Shore Tilbe Irwin brings expertise in sports and recreation architecture to complement the Perkins+Will strength in health, science, education and corporate architecture. With more LEED® Accredited Professionals than any firm in North America, Perkins+Will is recognized as a prime sustainable design firm in North America.
Info: www.shoretilbeperkinswill.ca
GREEN SHED: Pandora Park Community Garden Design Competition
Pandora Park Community Garden Society in Vancouver invites student and professional architects, landscape architects, builders, engineers, gardeners and designers of all kinds to take part in Green Shed: Pandora Park Community Garden Design Competition to generate buildable designs for a storage shed and outdoor common space based on sustainable design and materials. Intended to stimulate urban community gardens, the winning design will be built by a team of volunteers over the summer of 2010.
Registration deadline is March 19, 2010. Info: www.greenshedcompetition.com
2010 SAB Awards now open for entries, jury announced
The 2010 SAB Canadian Green Building Awards is now open for entries, and anchored by our distinguished jury consisting of:
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Peter Busby, C. M., FRAIC, MAIBC, MAAA, MOAA, AIA, BCID, LEED AP Jury Chairman and Former chairman of the Canada Green Building Council Busby, Perkins+Will, Vancouver |
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Lyse Tremblay, MRAIC, MBA, LEED AP, LEED instructor President of Lyse M Tremblay Eco-Architecture inc.
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David Sisam B.Arch., OAA, FRAIC, LEED AP Montgomery Sisam Architects Inc., Toronto |
The SAB Awards recognize excellence in the design and construction of Canadian buildings, houses and interiors of all types, both new and renovated, based on criteria of sutainable design and architectural smerit.
Winning projects are published in a special issue of SABMag, and the SABMag web site, and publicized through the media, speaking engagements and at an awards ceremony in association with the Canada Green Building Council annual conference in Vancouver.
Submissions to be courier-dated or post-marked April 9, 2010. Judging April 23. Register at www.sabmagazine.com without obligation. Click on the SAB Awards logo on the right side of the Home Page, and proceed to Registration. A link to the Entry Forms will be sent upon registration. Autodesk, Canam and the Western Red Cedar Lumber Association are national sponsors of the 2010 SAB Awards, and more sponsorship positions are available.
Info: 1-800-520-6281, ext.304; dgriffith@sabmagazine.com
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Design books clearing house offer
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Wood Design Award Books, representing jury-selected projects by some of the best-known architects in the US and Canada, are available at clearing house prices of $5 each plus shipping while supplies last. The books, dating from 2004 and 2005, use beautiful photography, drawing details, and concise text to fully describe award-winning houses, interiors, landscape projects, and light commercial buildings. The books are each 112-pages, soft cover, full colour.
Order now at info@sabmagazine.com
BOMA Toronto CDM Program incentives doubled
The Toronto Building Owners and Managers Association [BOMA] has doubled incentives for all non-lighting projects under the Conservation and Demand Management [CDM] Program. This is a greater incentive to building owners to cut energy use. For example: a $600,000 chiller replacement project that saved 200 kilowatts of energy, and which would have received an $80,000 incentive payment, will now receive $160,000. Office, retail, and hospitality properties, 25,000sf or greater in the 416 telephone exchange are eligible for the BOMA CDM Program. All applications for the electricity conservation incentives can be made completely online at www.bomacdm.com
LEED Green Assoc-iate credential launches in Canada
LEED Green Associate credential, which recognizes professionals in the green building field, was launched in Canada on February 4, 2010. This credential is the Green Building Certification Institute’s [GBCI] fastest growing credential, and gives these individuals a way to differentiate themselves from their peers in a highly competitive job market.
The credential signifies fundamental knowledge of green building concepts and is ideal for both professionals in non-technical fields of practice, such as sales and marketing professionals, lawyers, real estate brokers, product manufacturers and suppliers, as well as professionals and students working towards the LEED Accredited Professional exam. Info: www.gbci.org
Urban planning, architecture and bike trails
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| Charles Olfert, MRAIC RAIC Regional Director, Saskatchewan/Manitoba |
I was so inspired by a presentation from Jan Gehl, Hon. RAIC at the Montreal 2009 Festival of Architecture and Forum, that I must confess to skipping some of the sessions and renting a bicycle. This is a wonderful way to experience first-hand some of the sidewalk cafes and bicycle trails that Mr. Gehl suggests are key indicators of a high quality urban environment.
You do not need to be an architect to appreciate this. Many young Canadians do not have a suburban dream. They are looking for an urban lifestyle. They want to live in active and int-eresting, mixed-use neighbourhoods. This includes pedestrian and bicycle-friendly streets along with creative, adaptive re-use of existing buildings. Coincidentally, this attractive urban environment automatically means a more sustainable city with healthier, more physically active and socially engaged citizens.
Students in planning and architecture schools spend considerable time studying cities and the relationships between streets, buildings, transportation systems and public spaces, but somehow despite a consensus around what would be a healthy urban environment, many of our Canadian cities don’t seem to have integrated planning and development processes to enable an effective application of the principles that encourage this.
Unfortunately, it often seems that infrastructure related to sewer, water and roads are the most important considerations in development and re-development. Sidewalks are frequently just the edges of development parcels. How can we get protected bicycle lanes and sidewalk cafes adjacent to people-friendly mixed use buildings, if these are not a priority part of the initial planning concepts?
In many cities, zoning regulations effectively discourage the creation of vital neighbourhoods and pedestrian street activity by focussing on parking regulations, separation of uses and setbacks. These regulations tend to create large areas of open space with no purpose.
It is not just zoning. Building codes also seem to work against exciting, sustainable development. Complexities in exiting and fire separation requirements mean that only the most committed developers are willing to make the effort necessary to mix uses or redevelop existing buildings.
The LEED™ checklist and certification process for buildings has been a very effective way of raising the level of awareness of what can be done to make buildings more sustainable. However, as architects, we recognize that a platinum-certified building on a green field site without an urban engagement has only a limited application towards a fully sustainable community.
Maybe it is time to challenge traditional urban infrastructure and zoning approaches with a system of points and a checklist for urban redevelopment initiatives. These should reflect more accurately the desire for a high-quality urban environment for people relating to spaces between, as well as the pedestrian/bicycle quality of connecting streets, and socialization opportunities along with sustainable buildings.
Mr. Gehl eloquently points out that all cities have large traffic engineering departments with detailed knowledge of how many cars are travelling on each street, but very few have any sense of where people walk and socialize.
We need to make our cities much better places for people. I want to thank Jan Gehl for challenging architects and planners to consider pedestrians, sidewalk socialization and bicycle riders along with better buildings as a part of our sustainable future.
I also want to invite everyone to the 2010 RAIC Festival of Architecture in Saskatoon [June 22-26, 2010]. The theme, “Sounds like Architecture” places sustainable design discussions in the context of the local Jazz festival.
Bring your walking shoes, and plan to rent a bicycle. This is the best way to attend some inspirational sessions, experience river trails, and enjoy jazz and blues along the streets and in the parks.
Omission from Sustainability Studio Credits
| & Co designed building, Toronto |
In the Sept/Oct 09 Issue 19 of SABMag, we published an article on the Sustainability Studio in Toronto. While the article focused on the interior design of one individual suite, it acknowledged that the choice of location for the project was largely due to the inherent qualities of the base building. We failed to mention that this building was designed by Sweeney Sterling Finlayson &Co Architects Inc, and [&Co] was the recipient of an urban design award from the City of Toronto. We apologize for any confusion or inconvenience this may have caused.
CaGBC GREEN UP welcomes TD Bank
The CaGBC GREEN UP Program – Canada's Building Performance Program - has welcomed the Toronto-Dominion Bank as the first bank to join the retail bank branches pilot project. Over the next year, the project will identify, document and recognize the most energy-, and environmentally-efficient retail branch buildings in Canada. The performance metrics from the top performing buildings will be used to improve the performance of all buildings taking part in the project.
The GREEN UP Program provides tools, performance standards and resources to help building owners and operators measure, compare and improve the on-going performance of their buildings. GREEN UP members can participate in sector-specific working groups and teleconferences to zero-in on improving the performance of their specific building types.
To register for GREEN UP, contact Monique Goguen, Special Projects Coordinator, at 1-866-941-1184, ext. 1066. Details of the program are found at www.cagbc.org
3rd International Holcim Forum to focus on “Re-Inventing Construction”
Experts from all continents will meet at Universidad Iberoamericana in Mexico City for the 3rd International Holcim Forum for Sustainable Construc-tion to be held in April 14-17, 2010. The conference for academics and professionals from architecture, civil engineering, urban planning, natural and social sciences will advance concepts on how construction needs to be re-invented and aligned with principles of sustainable development. Limited places are available – registration is open until the end of January 2010.
Workshops will cover topics such as: “Reduce CO2: With Technology to Zero Emissions”, “Play with Complexity: With Integral Solutions to an Economy of Means”, “Mine the City: With Logistics to Circular Metabolisms” and “Stimulate Stakeholders: With Incentives to Implementation.” Registration open until January 31, 2010.
BOMA Toronto's Conservation and Demand Management Program 300th applicant
With the latest lighting retrofit in its Food Court, Toronto’s First Canadian Place owned by Brookfield Properties has become the 300th approved applicant for the Building Owners and Managers Association of the Greater Toronto Area’s [BOMA Toronto] Conservation and Demand Management [CDM] Program. The CDM Program, funded by the Ontario Power Authority [OPA], offers energy-efficiency retrofit incentives to commercial properties over 25,000sf. The First Canadian Place Food Court is being converted to an 80 watt induction lighting system from 250 watt high pressure sodium light bulbs. “Not only has Brookfield taken the initiative throughout its own portfolio, it continues to set a positive image for other building owners and managers across Toronto," said Wayne Proulx, Director of BOMA Toronto's CDM Program.
Info: rwproulx@bomatoronto.org
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Design Competition for St. Lawrence Market centres on sustainability
The City of Toronto has launched an international architectural competition for a new, vibrant North Building in the iconic St. Lawrence Market Complex. “We’re looking for the best creative minds in architecture to replace the underused, single-storey North Market building with a new four-storey, multi-purpose facility that will be a model for sustainable design, energy efficiency and design excellence” said Toronto Mayor David Miller. Space for court rooms and administrative offices for Toronto Court Services, and a 250-space underground parking garage will also be part of the new building.
The Design Competition is a two-stage process. In stage one, eligible architects are invited to submit an “Expression of Interest” from which a short list of architectural teams will be selected to advance to the next stage. In stage two, a jury will evaluate the design submissions developed by the short-listed teams, and the competition will end in June 2010 when a winning design is announced. The new building is expected to be completed in 2014.
Visit toronto.ca/stlawrence_market/design for the Competition Brief and more information.
Dockside Green development gains two more LEED® Platinum world-records
| Dockside Green receives two LEED Platinum awards |
The first commercial building, known as “Inspiration,” of Dockside Green, a mixed-use residential and commercial real estate development in Victoria, has achieved the highest rating ever for LEED for Core and Shell [LEED-C]. In addition Dockside’s LEED for Neighbourhood Dev-elopment [LEED ND] plan also broke previous Platinum ratings. These two awards are in addition to the Platinum LEED for New Construction world record that “Synergy,” the first residential phase, achieved in 2008.
The Inspiration building achieved 53 out of 61 points in the LEED for Core and Shell rating system. The entire 15-acre Dockside Green development is also being certified under the LEED for Neighbourhood Dev-elopment [LEED ND] rating program. It is now at Stage Two of a three-step process, meaning it now has a LEED for New Development Platinum certified plan that takes into account smart location and community linkages, neighbourhood pattern and design, green constructions and technology, innovation and design process. Dockside is the first project to have achieved Stage Two certification in the world.
Info: www.docksidegreen.com
EMerge ALLIANCE announces first DC power standard for commercial buildings
The EMerge Alliance, a US-based and open industry association, has just released the first-ever standard for the use of DC power in commercial buildings that promises improved flexibility and efficiency. Because AC-powered workplaces are filled with DC-powered devices [computers, telephones, IT equipment, lights, etc.], numerous AC to DC conversions are needed, however, the EMerge Alliance Standard creates a hybrid system that converts AC to DC power once at the room level and then distributes it throughout an area, improving energy efficiency.
Two design leaders join forces
Vancouver’s Hotson Bakker Boniface Haden Architects [HBBH] will be joining forces with Cohos Evamy integratedesignTM. Sustainably-designed projects of both firms have appeared in SABMag. HBBH’s native interpretive Nk’Mip centre in southern BC has one several awards including a SAB Award in 2008.
Info: MinjaN@cohos-evamy.com
New Challenge Series book examines sustainable communities
| The eight part Challenge Series |
The Challenge Series is an eight-part book that looks at sustainable community development by examining the architectural innovation and planning behind Millennium Water: The Southeast False Creek Olympic Village, one of the largest sustainable developments in North America. The eight chapters, det-ailing History + Policy, Planning + Olympics, Public Space + Infrastructure, Architecture, Energy, Water + Landscape Architecture, Village Life and Building the Community, are available online at www.thechallengeseries.ca. A print version is slated for January, 2010.
Sustainable Waste Management on the rise: McGraw-Hill Report
According to the McGraw-Hill latest SmartMarket Report, Sustainable Construction Waste Management: Creating Value in the Built Environment, 61% of contractors rate waste management plans as the second most important aspect of green building, just behind energy efficiency. The study was produced with support from Waste Management, Inc. Other trends noted in the report include:
• Contractors place existing structure reuse as the third most important aspect of green building,
• 76% of the largest construction firms in America have a corporate commitment to sustainability, compared to the 58% of firms in 2006.
• 20% of U.S. firms are diverting half of their construction waste on 60% or more of projects, and 25% of firms expect to do so within the next year.
Evergreen Brick Works project to transform derelict sit
| Evergreen Brick Works Project |
The $30 million Evergreen Brick Works project in Toronto’s Don Valley will transform an industrial site into an environmentally-based community landmark. Diamond and Schmitt Architects is currently designing the 100,000sf Centre for Urban Sustainability, the only new building on the site, which incorporates a visitor welcome centre, retail and amenity space, administrative offices, and workspace for the program partners. The project includes 100,000sf of renovation/refurbishment to historic spaces and, overall, is intended to give visitors the energy, understanding, and the tools to live more sustainable lives.
The buildings incorporate Inline Fiberglass High Efficiency Fiberglass Reinforced Polymer Frame windows with Heat Mirror glazing by Eco Insulating Glass to maximize thermal efficiency in the building envelope. Other firms involved are Du toit Architects, Halsall Consultants, Trow Engineering, and Eastern Construction. TOP OF PAGE
Ray Anderson: Confessions of a Radical Industrialist
| 272 pages, hardcover, $32.99, ISBN 978-0-7710-0753-8, McClelland & Stewart. |
Ray Anderson, the founder and chairman of InterfaceFLOR, set a goal in 1994 that his company would take nothing from the earth that could not be replaced by the earth. Back then carpet manufacturing was a toxic, petroleum-based, polluting process. His new book [with Robin White] shares how InterfaceFLOR is achieving its goal set in 1994, and explains how all other companies can do the same. He shows in his book that profit and sustainability are not mutually exclusive, and that businesses can improve their bottom lines and do right by the earth. TOP OF PAGE
Steve Dearloves’ Essential Texts 2: Sea Sick by Alana Mitchell
| Steve Dearlove |
Alana Mitchell’s “Sea Sick” may very well be the revelation about the transformation of our oceans that Rachel Carson’s “Silent Spring” was regarding the toxification of our lands.
Criss-crossing the planet, Mitchell meets with the world’s pre-eminent authorities on ocean science and then carefully elaborates on each of the unique and separate phenomena that they have observed. What Mitchell finds particularly disquieting is that these specialists, all closely focussed on their particular field, are blind to the interconnected and potentially catastrophic implications of their collective findings.
Simply put, there are three major phenomena at work: roughly one third of the CO2 emitted into the atmosphere as a result of human activity has already been absorbed by the oceans; 80% of the additional heat created by climate change has also been absorbed; and chemical pollution continues its relentless assault on marine ecosystems. Mitchell weaves all these disparate scientific threads into a brilliantly simple and clear hypothesis: “chemistry and physics determine biology.”
To further compound the problems, the almost apocalyptic extraction of creatures from the seas for human consumption is pushing the oceans into even greater crisis, for collectively these life forms also play a critical role in the elemental balance of the waters. The result: the very chemical make-up of the ocean is changing, and it’s happening within our lifetime.
The oceans make up 99% of the planet’s living space and contain at least half of the total mass of life. Further, plankton is the cornerstone of oceanic life and produces 50% of the oxygen we breathe. Historical records indicate that through the millennia, the oceans have contained the switch of life; and that switch can be turned off through even the slightest chemical changes to the water. There’s no denying that life on land is intrinsically bound to life in the oceans.
What makes the situation more frustrating is there is no global political body to oversee the plethora of decisions that innumerable private corporations are making around the world that directly affect the seas. This is a recipe for disaster of epic proportions.
To bring this point home, Mitchell likens the oceans to a human with a fever. At an internal temperature of 40Co, it’s a hand wringer. Anything beyond that and the body automatically switches from a system geared towards life to one geared towards death. We have much to be apprehensive about.
McClelland & Stewart; ISBN - 10:0771061161 and ISBN - 13:9780771061165
